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BANKS - OPERATIONAL IN INDIA

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State Bank of India, established on 2nd June, 1806 as Bank of Bengal, then Imperial Bank of India in 1921। Nationalised on 30th April, 1955 with 60% Stake with Reserve Bank of India and renamed STATE BANK OF INDIA. Its Associate Banks are State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur, State Bank of Hyderabad, State Bank of Indore, State Bank of Mysore, State Bank of Patiala, State Bank of Saurashtra and State Bank of Travancore.

PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS :

Nationalized 14 Banks on 16th July, 1969:

1. Allahabad Bank, 1865, H.O. Kolkata
2. Bank of India, 1906, Mumbai
3. Bank of Baroda, 1908, Mumbai
4. Bank of Maharashtra, 1935
5. Canara Bank, 1906, Bangalore (acquired Laxmi Commercial Bank)
6. Central Bank of India, 1911
7. Dena Bank, 1938
8. Indian Bank, 1907
9. Indian Overseas Bank, 1937, Chennai
10. Punjab National Bank, 1895 (Lahore was H.O.), Now New Delhi,
11. (acquired Universal Bank in 1961, Hindustan Commercial Bank in 1988 and
12. New Bank of India in 1993).
13. Syndicate Bank, 1925, Manipal
14. United Bank of India, 1950, Kolkata
15. UCO Bank, 1943, Kolkata
16. Union Bank of India, 1920, Mumbai
    

5 Banks were nationalized again on 15th April, 1980:

1. Andhra Bank, 1923, Hyderabad
2. Corporation Bank, 1906
3. Punjab and Sind Bank, 1908
4. Oriental Bank of Commerce, 1973
5. Vijaya Bank, 1931,Mangalore

PRIVATE BANKS :

1. AXIS BANK (formerly U.T.I. Bank), 1994, Ahmedabad.
2. Centurian Bank, (acquired Lord Krishna Bank)
3. Catholic Syrian Bank, 1920, Thrissur (Kerala)
4. Dhan Laxmi Bank, Thrissur (Kerala)
5. Federal Bank, 1970, Aluva (Kerala)
6. HDFC (Housing Development Finance Corporation Bank Ltd.), 1994, Mumbai
7. I.C.I.C.I. Bank, 1994
8. IDBI (Industrial Development Bank of India Ltd., 1964 (Reserve Bank of India ownership).
9. Indusind Bank, 1994, (Hinduja Group)
10. J & K Bank Ltd., 1938
11. Bank of Rajasthan, 1948, Jaipur
12. Kotak Mahindra Bank, 1984
13. Karus Vysya Bank, 1916, Chennai
14. South Indian Bank, 1992, Thrissur (Kerala)
15. Yes Bank, Mumbai
16. ING Vysya Bank, 2002 (ING - Internationale Netherlandewn Group)
    

FOREIGN BANKS :

1. Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank, 1985, U.A.E.,
2. Standard Chartered Bank, 1863, London
3. Deutsche Bank, 1870, Berlin
4. American Express Bank, 1921, New York
5. Citi Bank,1902
6. HSBC Bank (Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corporation), 1987, Mumbai
7. ABN AMRO Bank, 1964, Netherlands (ABN AMRO – Algemene Bank Netherland ; Amsterdam Rotterdam Bank).

SOLAR SYSTEM

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THE SUN –

It is a star of the Solar system. The other objects including planets, comets, dust particles etc. orbit the sun.
The composition of the Sun is as follows :
Hydrogen - 74% of its mass value
Helium - 25% of its mass value
Oxygen – 0.75% of its mass value, and
Other elements (Carbon, Iron, Nitrogen, Silicon, Magnesium, Sulphur etc. – 0.25% of
its mass value.
The temperature at the Surface is approximately 5500 Degree Celcium which forms white colour but because of scattering in atmosphere, it appears yellow from Earth.
It generates energy by nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium in the form of light, ultra-violet rays, X-rays, Gamma Rays, Cosmic Rays, Radio Waves etc. It rorates in circular path around galactic center with a speed of 220 Km. per second.
Diameter of the Sun= 1.4x109 m (it is approx. 109 times larger than Earth).
Surface Area = 6x1018 sq. metre
Volume = 1.4x1027 cubic metre.
Mass = 1.99x1030 Kg. (approx. 3,33,000 times of Earth).

Solar System –
There are 8 planets as follows :

1. Mercury No Moon
Distance from the Sun = 57.6 million Km.
Time to orbit the Sun – 88 days.
Temperature at Day time 400oC to –200oC during night.
Having longest day, nearest from sun.
Smallest Planet.

2. Venus No Moon
Distance from the Sun = 107.5 million Km.
Time to orbit the Sun – 225 days.
Hottest Planet of solar system.
Brightest planet.

3. Earth Moon – 1
Only planet where life is possible.
Have tallest mountains and water on Earth.

4. Mars Moon – 2
Distance from the Sun = 225.5 million Km.
Time to orbit the Sun – 687 days.
It seems RED from Earth.

5. Jupiter Moon – 60
Distance from Sun = 773 million Km.
Time to orbit the Sun – approx. 12 years
Biggest Planet of Solar system
Having deepest Oceans, shortest day and strongest magnetic field.

6. Saturn Moon – 31
Distance from sun = 1418 million Km.
Time to orbit the Sun – 29 ½ years


7. Uranus Moon – 27
Distance from the Sun = 2853 million Km.
Time to orbit the Sun – 84 years.


8. Neptune Moon – 13
Distance from the Sun = 4500 million Km.
Time to orbit the Sun – 165 years approx.


PLUTO - Now it is a Dwarf Planet of Sun. Farthest planet from the Sun.

THE EARTH :

The age of the Earth, according to the Geologists, is approximately 4.6 billion years.
The mass of the earth is approximately 5.98x1024 Kg. The composition of the Earth is as follows :
Iron 32.0%
Oxygen 30.0%
Sulhur 3.0%
Silicon 14.5%
Magnesium 14%
Nickel 1.7%
Calcium 1.5%
Aluminium 0.5%
Other Elements 2.8%

Orbital Speed = 1,00,800 Km./hour i.e. approx. 30 Km. per sec.
Period of Revolution round the sun = 365 Days, 5 Hours, 48 Minutes and 46 Sec.
Time of Rotation (onits own axis) = 23 hours 56 minutes and 4 seconds.

Total Land Area is 29% i.e. 14,90,00,000 Sq. Km.
Total Water/Ocean Area is 71% i.e. 38,30,00,000 Sq. Km.

The area-wise distribution of the Earth is as follows :
Asia 29.5%
Africa 20.0%
North America 16.3%
South America 11.8%
Europe 6.5%
Australia 5.2%
Antartica 9.6%

97% of total earth’s water is salt and hard water. Less than 3% of water is fresh (drinkable) on which 2.25% water is in the form of Iceburgs, 0.6% is stored underground and remaining 0.15% is in lakes and rivers etc.

There are 4 Oceans :
Pacific Ocean 16,60,00,000 Sq. Km.
Atlantic Ocean 8,66,00,000 Sq. Km.
Indian Ocean 7,35,00,000 Sq. Km.
Arctic Ocean 95,00,000 Sq.Km.

Few of major Sea are as follows :
South China East China Caribbean
East Sea Andaman Hudson Bay
Black Sea Red Sea Mediterranean
Arabian Sea Caspian Sea Norwegian Sea

Few major Lakes are :
U.S.A. Superior, Michigan, Ontario, Erie, Great Bear, Huron.
Africa Malawi, Victoria, Tanganyika
Asia Aral Sea, Baikal,
Canada Great Slave, Winnipeg

Sahara Desert in North Africa is the largest one. The other Deserts are Thar (India and Pakistan), Great Sandy and Great Victoria (Australia), Kalahari (South Africa), Arabian (Middle East) and Sonoran, Mohave (S-W USA).`

Nile River in Africa is the longest river in the world which flows approx. 6500 Km. In India Brahmputra river is the longest river. It originates from Tibet and enters into Arunachal Pradesh. Only in India, it covers approx. 2900 Kms.

Mount Everest is the Highest mountain in the World in Nepal – Tibet. K2 is the highest mountain in India. It is 28700 ft. high.

THE MOON :

The moon is the only satellite of the Earth which is fifth largest moon in the Solar system. The center to center distance from Earth to moon is approx. 3,84,400 Km. Its diameter is 3474 Km. Its circumference is approx. 10,900 Kms. The mass of the Moon is 7.35x1022 Kg. The Gravitational force is about 1/6th of Earth’s gravitation.
It makes a complete orbital round the earth in 27 days 7 hours 43 minutes and 6 second.
Escape Velocity of the Moon is 2.38 Km/sec.
Surface Temperature of the Moon is 100K in the night to 390K in day time.

Indian Sensex - A complete timeline

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History:
Indian Sensex was established in the year 1875 which was recognized by Govt. of India in 1956. The Sensex is based on 30 BSE Stocks which are :

1. ACC
2. Ambuja Cements Ltd.
   
3. BAJAJ AUTO
4. BHARTI AIRTEL
5. B.H.E.L.
6. CIPLA
7. DR. REDDY
8. Grasim Industries
9. H.D.F.C.
10. HDFC BANK
11. MAHINDRA
12. HINDALCO
13. H L L
14. ICICI BANK
15. INFOSYS
16. ITC Limited
    
17. LARSEN & TOUBRO
18. MARUTI
19. N.T.P.C.
20. O.N.G.C.
21. RANBAXY
22. RELIANCE COMMUNICATION
23. Reliance Energy
24. Reliance Industries
    
25. SATYAM Computer Services
    
26. STATE BANK OF INDIA
27. TATA MOTORS
28. TATA CONSULTANCY SERVICES
29. Tata Steel
    
30. WIPRO
    

Sensex Timeline:

• 1000 on 25 July 1990
• 2000 on 15 January 1992
• 3000 on 29 February 1992
• 4000 on 30 March 1992
• 5000 on 8 October 1999
• 6000 on 11 February 2000
• 7000 on 20 June 2005
• 8000 on 8 September 2005
• 9000 on 28 November 2005
• 10000 on 6 February 2006
• 11000 on 21 March 2006
• 12000 on 20 April 2006
• 13000 on 30 October 2006
• 14000 on 5 December 2006
• 15000 on 6 July 2007
• 16000 on 19 September 2007
• 17000 on 26 September 2007
• 18000 on 9 October 2007
• 19000 on 15 October 2007